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Military Police ((ポルトガル語:Polícia Militar), , also known as ''PM'', (:peˈẽmi)) are a type of preventive state police in every state of Brazil. The Military Police units, which have their own formations, rules and uniforms depending on the state, are responsible for maintaining public order across the country including the Federal District and its capital, Brasília. Deployed solely to act as a deterrent against the commission of crime, units do not conduct criminal investigations. Detective work, forensics and prosecutions are undertaken by a state's Civil Police. In 1999 the National Public Security Force ((ポルトガル語:Força Nacional de Segurança Pública)) was created to handle any significant security crisis. The unit, which is composed of the most qualified Military Police personnel from all federal states, can only be deployed through the express command of a state governor. All state Military Police and Military Firefighters Corps are classed as reserve troops and ancillary forces of the Brazilian Army.〔( Article 144 of Constitution of Brazil. )〕 In time of war (or other emergencies) the military police forces can be pressed into federal service. But they remain distinct from the provosta belonging to the other services within the Brazilian military. The corps Army Police ((ポルトガル語:Polícia do Exército, PE)) for the Army, Navy Police ((ポルトガル語:Polícia da Marinha)) for the Navy, and Air Force Police ((ポルトガル語:Polícia da Aeronáutica, PA)) for the Air Force. == History == The first militarized police in Portugal (when Brazil was still a colony) was the ''Royal Police Guard of Lisbon'' ((ポルトガル語:Guarda Real de Polícia de Lisboa)), established in 1801;〔Decree of December 10, 1801.〕 which followed by model the National Gendarmerie ((フランス語:Gendarmerie Nationale)) of France, created in 1791. When the Portuguese Royal Family was transferred to Brazil, the Royal Police Guard of Lisbon remained in Portugal, and another equivalent was created in Rio de Janeiro, under the name of ''Military Division of the Royal Guard Police of Rio de Janeiro'', in 1809.〔Decree of May 13, 1809.〕 With the abdication of Emperor Pedro I in 1831, the Regency held reformulations on the Brazilian Armed Forces. The Royal Guard Police of Rio de Janeiro was extinct,〔Law of July 17, 1831.〕 and replaced by the ''Municipal Guard Corps of Volunteers'';〔Law of October 10, 1931.〕 a type of security force similar to the National Guard. The same law allowed each province to establish its own ''Guard of Volunteers''. In 1834 Pedro I died in Portugal and this reduced the fear in Brazil of a reunification of the kingdoms. The Guard of Volunteers were then transformed into ''Province Police Corps'', with professional troops.〔Constitutional Reform of 1834, Article 15, § 11.〕 The Police Corps were created with the same structure as the Army, and to serve as reserve troops when necessary. With the Proclamation of the Republic, Brazil adopted a constitution based on the United States' one, where the states have a large autonomy. The Corps of Police began to be administered by the states and became smaller regional armies, with infantry, cavalry, artillery, and later, even with air forces. This dangerous situation to the national security remained until the end of World War II, with the deposition of the dictatorial government of Getúlio Vargas. After World War II, the Military Police assumed the roles of a more "traditional" police force, similar to a gendarmerie subject to the states.〔Decree Law 8.660, January 14, 1946.〕 They sought a rapprochement with the civil society, slowly developing the configuration it currently possesses. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Military Police (Brazil)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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